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| 1490 |
| | | On the death of Matthias Corvinus, in 1490, the Habsburgs recover Vienna from the Hungarians | |
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| 1496 |
| | | Philip, heir to Austria, marries Joanna, a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, in the second of the great Habsburg marital alliances | |
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| 1516 |
| | | The death of Ferdinand II results in Spain becoming part of the Habsburg empire, under the rule of Charles V (as Charles I of Spain) | |
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| 1519 |
| | | Charles V borrows 852,000 florins, mainly from the Fuggers, to bribe the seven imperial electors | |
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| 1547 |
| | | Hungary is divided, by agreement between the Turkish sultan Suleiman I and the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand I | |
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| 1556 |
| | | Charles V abdicates, handing the Netherlands and Spain to his son Philip and the title of Holy Roman emperor to his brother Ferdinand | |
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| 1556 |
| | | The division by Charles V of his territories means that there are now two Habsburg empires, Austrian and Spanish | |
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| 1618 |
| | | Bohemian nobles throw the Habsburg regents out of a window in the castle in Prague, thus triggering the Thirty Years' War | |
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| 1619 |
| | | The Protestant Frederick V (elector palatine of the Rhine) is elected king by the rebellious Bohemian nobles | |
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| 1620 |
| | | The battle of the White Mountain, to the west of Prague, ends the brief reign of Frederick V in Bohemia | |
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